Medical Waste Disposal

Medical waste disposal is critical in healthcare settings, as improper handling can lead to severe and wide-ranging consequences. It’s essential for professionals to not only recognise what constitutes medical waste but also to appreciate the implications of failing to dispose of it responsibly.

What is medical waste?

Medical waste encompasses any waste generated within healthcare environments, such as dental practices, hospitals, pharmacies, and aesthetic clinics. This waste is divided into various categories depending on the materials and substances they’ve been exposed to. These classifications are crucial in determining how the waste is removed and treated, aiming to minimise the risk of disease transmission and environmental harm.

What is the most common type of medical waste?

In medical environments, general waste is typically the most prevalent. This type of waste is quite similar to what is produced in a typical household and usually comprises a lot of the waste in a medical facility, such as paper, plastic wrappings, and other office-related refuse.

However, more critical forms of medical waste include hazardous and infectious waste, which must be handled and disposed of responsibly to comply with regulations. These types of waste, which pose risks to healthcare workers and the public, include sharps, laboratory waste, animal waste, human body fluids, teeth, solid waste, chemotherapy waste, and any materials contaminated with communicable diseases.

In the UK, medical waste falls under the following categories:

Infectious Waste

Infectious waste is divided into two types: Clinical Infectious Waste for alternative treatment (orange) and Clinical Highly Infectious for incineration (yellow). The distinction lies in the presence of secondary contamination such as medicines or chemicals in Clinical Highly Infectious waste. Examples of infectious waste include PPE, such as facemasks, gloves, and aprons, as well as sharps that have been in contact with infectious bodily fluids. This waste is generally classified as hazardous and must be incinerated in compliance with medical waste disposal regulations.

Offensive (Non-Infectious) Waste

Offensive waste, often referred to as Tiger waste, includes non-infectious and non-hazardous waste materials that may still be unsuitable for regular disposal due to their potentially distressing nature. Examples are used nappies, colostomy bags, incontinence pads and non-infectious PPE. Depending on the item, this waste can be recycled, landfilled, or incinerated.

Pharmaceutical Waste

This category includes  unused, expired, or otherwise unwanted medications and pharmaceutical products and denatured drugs that lack cytotoxic or cytostatic properties. This type of waste requires special handling to prevent environmental contamination and misuse. Examples include blister packs, pill containers, liquid medicines, and droplet bottles. Medicinal waste must be incinerated, as improper disposal could pose significant risks to humans, wildlife, and the environment. 

Cytotoxic/Cytostatic Waste

This waste stream is reserved for medicines and drugs with cytotoxic or cytostatic properties and any materials used to administer them. Examples include needles and syringes from chemotherapy treatments, containers for these medications, and tools for administering botulinum toxin. Due to the hazardous nature of these substances, they require specialised handling and disposal.

Anatomical Waste

Anatomical waste includes both hazardous and non-hazardous materials such as body parts, blood bags, and blood preserves. It is typically associated with surgical and aesthetic procedures, making it common in hospital settings, clinics performing cosmetic surgeries and veterinary practices.

Dental Waste

Dental waste consists primarily of amalgam (commonly found in fillings) and gypsum (used in dental moulds). These materials must be separated from other waste streams, as they pose distinct safety risks to people and the environment.

Mixed Municipal Waste

Mixed municipal waste isn’t exclusive to healthcare settings and includes general waste such as paperwork, packaging, and food containers. These items may be recycled or sent to landfill.

Protecting People and the Environment

Proper medical waste management is vital to ensuring the safety of both humans and the planet. Poorly disposed of medical waste can spread diseases and cause environmental damage. For example, amalgam from dental waste is highly harmful to marine environments, making its responsible disposal a priority.

Initial Medical simplifies the process of managing medical waste with its colour-coded waste receptacles, which align with the Department of Health’s best practice guidelines. 

Complementing this, Initial Medical provides tailored waste collection and management services that are customised to your business, ensuring full compliance with the specific waste needs of your environment.