{"id":2524,"date":"2022-10-20T13:07:09","date_gmt":"2022-10-20T13:07:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/blog\/?p=2524"},"modified":"2026-05-04T07:57:31","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T07:57:31","slug":"spotlight-on-influenza","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/blog\/spotlight-on-influenza\/","title":{"rendered":"A spotlight on influenza"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Influenza is commonly regarded as one of the world\u2019s greatest public health challenges, with an estimated one billion cases across the globe each year<sup>1<\/sup>. But why is influenza such a challenge and what can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/sectors\/gp-practices-healthcare-clinics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">healthcare settings<\/a> do to defend against it?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A closer look at the virus<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness that is caused by various types of the influenza virus<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2<\/a><\/sup>. There are four types of Influenza (A, B, D and D) but only the A and B types of the virus are behind seasonal epidemics, as C types are much rarer and more mild, while D type primarily affects cattle and does not cause illness in humans<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/influenza-(seasonal)\">3<\/a><\/sup>. Flu season in the UK often begins as early as October, peaking between December to February<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/season\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Part of what makes influenza such a challenge for health authorities is the fact that it is constantly evolving. As the virus affects so many people each year, this causes it to mutate at a rapid rate, gaining new characteristics. This process is called antigenic drift<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/about\/viruses-types.html\">5<\/a><\/sup>, and, essentially, means that the virus becomes immune to any defensive measures that are developed to act against it. It is for this reason that the flu vaccine needs to be redeveloped every year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Symptoms and statistics<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Symptoms of the flu include sudden high temperatures of above 38\u00baC, body aches, exhaustion, a dry cough, sore throat, loss of appetite, nausea and, in some cases, diarrhoea.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In serious cases, influenza can be fatal. Although the mortality rate depends on the severity of the flu season, generally speaking, the disease claims the lives of around 6,000 people in the UK each year. However, complications brought on by the flu virus could mean that this number is much higher. Indeed, a report that looked at the burden of Influenza in England and Wales suggested that the virus could be responsible for as many as 25,000 deaths per year in the UK \u2013 comorbidity with other diseases often hides the impact that influenza has.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Influenza-lady-on-couch-with-tissues-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Lady on sofa with influenza\" class=\"wp-image-2525\" style=\"width:768px;height:512px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Influenza-lady-on-couch-with-tissues-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Influenza-lady-on-couch-with-tissues-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Influenza-lady-on-couch-with-tissues-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Influenza-lady-on-couch-with-tissues-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Influenza-lady-on-couch-with-tissues-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Flu usually becomes more serious in those with weaker or less developed immune systems. as such, at risk groups include children aged under five years old, the elderly, those living with chronic medical conditions and those who have immunosuppressant illnesses such as HIV and AIDS. Those working in healthcare settings are also at greater risk of catching the virus due to increased exposure when treating patients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How to stop the spread of flu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>First and foremost, the best protection for individuals against influenza is the yearly flu vaccine. In the UK, the flu vaccine is available free of charge to those who are deemed most at risk, including individuals over 50 years old, young children and those with the medical&nbsp;conditions described above. Those living with immunocompromised people are also eligible, as well as people who work in hospitals, hospices and care homes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Everyday preventive measures include enforcing a high standard of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/washroom\/hand-care\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">hand hygiene<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/medical\/infection-control\/surface-hygiene\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">disinfecting surfaces<\/a> with cleaning solutions that effectively destroy the flu virus and avoiding close contact with infected individuals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"567\" src=\"https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Stop-the-virus-1024x567.jpg\" alt=\"Stop the virus, immune protection\" class=\"wp-image-2529\" style=\"width:768px;height:425px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Stop-the-virus-1024x567.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Stop-the-virus-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Stop-the-virus-768x425.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Stop-the-virus-1536x851.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Stop-the-virus-2048x1134.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Immune defense<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, if you think you have the flu, it is recommended that you avoid contact with others, cover your mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/blog\/infections-can-spread-not-washing-hands\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">handwashing<\/a> and stay at home for at least 24 hours after your fever has subsided.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A disease we should all be aware of<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ultimately, although flu season comes year after year, we shouldn\u2019t underestimate the impact this virus can have. By understanding the virus on a deeper level and taking appropriate preventive and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/medical\/infection-control\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">infection control<\/a> measures, you can help ensure that your setting is safeguarded against influenza.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"128\" src=\"https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/medical-contact-us.png\" alt=\"Contact Initial Medical Today\" class=\"wp-image-2531\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/medical-contact-us.png 512w, https:\/\/www.initial.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/medical-contact-us-300x75.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>1 <\/sup>PAHO. WHO Launches New Global Influenza Strategy. Link: https:\/\/www3.paho.org\/hq\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=15016:who-launches-new-global-influenza-strategy&amp;Itemid=135&amp;lang=en#gsc.tab=0 [Last accessed August 22].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>2 <\/sup>Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Key Facts About Influenza (Flu). Link: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/about\/?CDC_AAref_Val=https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/about\/keyfacts.htm\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/about\/?CDC_AAref_Val=https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/about\/keyfacts.htm<\/a> [Last accessed August 22].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>3 <\/sup>World Health Organization. Influenza (Seasonal). Link: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/influenza-(seasonal)\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/influenza-(seasonal)<\/a> [Last accessed August 22].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>4 <\/sup>Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Flu Season. Link: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/season\/\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/season\/<\/a> [Last accessed August 22].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>5 <\/sup>Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. How Flu Viruses Can Change: \u201cDrift\u201d and \u201cShift\u201d. Link: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/about\/viruses-types.html\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/about\/viruses-types.html<\/a> [Last accessed August 22].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Influenza is commonly regarded as one of the world\u2019s greatest public health challenges, with an estimated one billion cases across the globe each year1. But why is influenza such a challenge and what can healthcare settings do to defend against it? A closer look at the virus Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness that is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":2539,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","_s2mail":"yes","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[219,14,13],"class_list":["post-2524","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-healthcare","tag-diseases","tag-hand-hygiene","tag-infection-control"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Influenza: Symptoms, Transmission &amp; Prevention | Medical<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Spotlight on influenza: understanding symptoms, transmission, and prevention. 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